I am contributing a pair of jokers that meet the criteria of showing a crescent moon regardless of size.
The first picture shows the joker from the fortune telling deck made for the Page Manufacturing Co. of Boston, Mass. circa 1895, which is a variation of the ones which accompanied both the Crescent No. 44 (Hochman NU11) and El Dorado No. '49 brands (Hochman NU17) issued by The National Card Company circa 1890.
The second picture shows the joker issued by the American Playing Card Co. of New York (shown as part of the Hochman L10 listing) and it is this example which may qualify as the earliest joker to employ this theme. Similar variations of this style joker are also shown as part of the Hochman L11 listing by the Columbia Playing Card Co. of New York and the Hochman L34 listing by The Caterson & Brotz Co. of New York and Philadelphia.
I could neither locate nor think of any other jokers that feature a crescent moon in their design, although something resembling a crescent moon does appear as part of the Congress brand lacquer back matching joker named Starlight shown as part of the Hochman US6c listing in the encyclopedia.